| | | | | | . | | | | | | . | Description | Quantity | Units | Source | | . | | | | | | . | | | | | | . | Electricity Net Generations 2005 (less pumped storage) | 4,050,000,000,000 | kWh | http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat1p1.html | | . | Average use per hour | 477,000,000 | kWh | | | . | Wind kWh 2006 | 31,000,000,000 | kWh | http://www.awea.org/newsroom/releases/Wind_Power_Capacity_012307.html | | . | Wind Nameplate capacity 2006 | 11,603,000 | KW | http://www.awea.org/newsroom/releases/Wind_Power_Capacity_012307.html | | . | Percent nameplate capacity the above two numbers translate into | 30.5% | | | | . | Wind KW to produce this at above capacity | 1,517,630,479 | KW | | | . | New Wind Capacity 2006 | 2,454,000 | KW | http://www.awea.org/newsroom/releases/Wind_Power_Capacity_012307.html | | . | Investment to produce this capacity | $4,000,000,000 | dollars | http://www.awea.org/newsroom/releases/Wind_Power_Capacity_012307.html | | . | | | | | | . | Cost per KW | $1,630 | dollars | | | . | However - this represents a range from 1300-1700 per KW. The combination of increased economies of scale , increased bargaining due to bulk purchases ought to let us keep prices at low end of this. | $1,300 | doolars | http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/projects/post2006conservation/doc/Windpower_Cost_Review.doc | | . | Cost to produce same kWh as 2005 (not including storage) | $1,972,919,623,329 | dollars | | | . | Include additional generating capacity to cover storage losses if 1/3rd power produced is stored in pumped hydro (80% round trip loss) | $2,137,329,591,940 | dollars | | | . | Include additional generating capacity to cover additional transmission losses averaging 10% | $2,351,062,551,134 | | | | . | Pumped Storage Cost per kWh of Capacity | $10 | dollars | http://infoserve.sandia.gov/sand_doc/2001/010765.pdf | | . | With many interconnected wind farms hundreds or thousands of kilometers apart maximum number of hours storage required to ensure 96% firm capacity (existing hydro can provide other 4%) | 12 | hours | http://www.udel.edu/V2G/docs/KemptonDhanju06-V2G-Wind.pdf | |
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| | | | | | . | Total kWh storage needed (average kWh per hour *1.5 to allow for most usage being during waking hours) | 8,590,000,000 | kWh | | | . | Total capital cost of storage | $85,904,406,780 | dollars | | | . | Cost for 2,000 kilometer UHDVC lines 500 KV | $1,000,000,000 | dollars | http://uaelp.pennnet.com/display_article/281953/22/ARTCL/none/none/High-voltage-Technology-Taken-to-the-Max/ | | . | Kilometers of HVDC lines to connect U.S. A.C "islands" into a single super-grid | 100,000 | kilometers | Estimate from most electicity currently wheeled less than 400 miles | | . | total cost at half a billion per kilometer | $50,000,000,000 | dollars | | | . | Total capital costs including storage and transmission to produce 100% of 2005 electricity consumption from wind and existing hydro. | $2,486,966,957,913 | | | | . | U.S. can still borrow money on the long bond at under 4.9% | | | http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/domestic-finance/debt-management/interest-rate/yield.html | | . | Assume quarterly payments at 4.9% rate | $48,944,428,789 | dollars | | | . | Annual cost of quarterly payments | $195,777,715,154 | dollars | | | . | Current total U.S cost of electricity | $298,000,300,000 | dollars | http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat7p3.html | | . | Generation Represents 66% of total electricity costs | | | http://electricityiq.com/electricity101.php#1 | | . | Total electricity generation costs this would replace | $196,680,198,000 | | | | . | | | | | |
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